What Is Granite And Types And Classification Of Granite Construction And Stone Masonry Works

Stones

Types Of Stones:-

Stones used for masonry should be hard, durable, tough, sound and free from weathering, decay or defects like cavities, cracks, sand holes, injurious veins patches of loose or soft materials etc.., Rocks from which building materials obtained are 

1. Igneous rocks
2. Sedimentary rocks, and
3. Metamorphic rocks

1) Igneous rocks:-

Igneous rocks are formed by the agency of heat, the molten lava material subsequently cools after sometime due to the rapid heating and cooling of lava, igneous rocks are formed. Example of igneous rocks is granite. The materials of igneous rocks are hard and durable, and it is used in building construction. Granite is mainly used has sills, lintels, flooring and is multi purposely used in many areas.

2) Sedimentary rocks:-

Sedimentary rocks are formed when water is added to the rapid heating and cooling igneous rocks. The materials which are commonly formed in the sedimentary rocks are lime stone and sand stone. Lime stone consists particles of carbonate and is used in floors and walls. Sand stone consists quartz and is used in columns, steps.

3) Metamorphic rocks:-

Metamorphic rocks are formed either from the pressure, heat or both, The molten material igneous and sedimentary during solidifying when gets pressurized either by heat or water or both. Then becomes metamorphic rocks. The material which we commonly see is slates and marbles. Marbles are used for flooring and for neat looking of interiors.

Classification Of Stone Masonry:-

Stone masonry can be classified depending upon the shaping and finishing of stones.

• Rubble Masonry
• Ashlar Masonry

a) Rubble Masonry:-

In the rubble masonry, the blocks of stones that are used are either undressed or comparatively roughly dressed. Since stones of irregular size are used rubble masonry may be of the following.

• Random rubble
• Square rubble
• Miscellaneous rubble

b) Ashlar Masonry:

Ashlar masonry consists of blocks of accurately dressed stones with extremely fine bed and end joints. The stone block may be either square or rectangular shape. The height of the stone various from 25 cm to 30 cm. The height of the block in each course is kept equal but it is not necessary to keep all the courses of the same height. Ashlar masonry subdivided into following categories.

• Ashlar fine tooled
• Ashlar rough tooled
• Ashlar rock, rustic
• Ashlar block in course
• Ashlar chamfered 
• Ashlar facing

Tools Used For Dressing And Finishing Of Stone:- 

• Dressing Tool

1. Wallers hammer
2. Mash hammer
3. Spall hammer
4. Scrabbing hammer
5. Wood hammer
6. Broad hammer
7. Club hammer
8. Drag hammer
9. hand saw
10. Frame saw
11. Gad
12. Dummy
13. Mallet
14. Cross cut saw
15. Pitching tool
16. Square
17. Boaster
18. Punch
19. Point
20. Gouge
21. Tooth chisel
22. Drafting chisel
23. Claw chisel

Also See :Brick Dimensions and types of bricks

• Finishing Tools:-

1. Rock faced or quarry faced finish
2. Picked finish
3. Punched finish
4. Axed finish
5. Dragged finish
6. Vermiculated finish
7. Plain finish
8. Rubbed finish
9. Polished finish
10. Scabbing finish
11. Hammer dressed finish
12. Tooled finish
13. Boasted finish
14. Furrowed finish
15. Recticulated finish