Ceramic materials types properties and history

History of Ceramic:

Archaeologists have uncovered man-made ceramics that date back to at least 24,000 BC. These ceramics were found in Czechoslovakia and were in the form of animal and human figures, slabs. These ceramics were made of animal fat and bone mixed with bone ash and a fine clay like material. After forming, the ceramics were fired at temperatures between 500-800°C in domed and horseshoe shaped kilns partially dug into the ground with loses walls

Since these ancient times, the technology and applications of ceramics (including glass) has steadily increased. We often take for granted the major role that ceramics have played in the progress of humankind. Below are just a few examples of how important ceramics are to society.
Ceramic materials

Definition of ceramic:

 Ceramics is a refractory, inorganic, and nonmetallic material.

Ceramics can be divided into two classes:
  1.  Traditional and 
  2. Advanced.


 Traditional ceramics:

  It  include clay products, silicate glass and cement.

 Advanced ceramics:

  Consist of carbides, pure oxides, nitrites , non-silicate glasses and many others. 

Advantages: 
  • They are harder and stiffer than steel.
  • More heat and corrosion resistant, than metals or polymers.
  • Less dense than most metals and their alloys. and 
  • Their raw materials are both plentiful and inexpensive. 
  • Ceramic materials display a wide range of properties which facilitate their use in many different product areas.
Examples:

 Ceramic Materials are in Military structural components for ground, air and naval vehicles, missiles.

Preparation of Ceramic:


Ceramics are typically produced by the application of heat upon processed clay's and other natural raw materials to form a rigid product. Ceramic products that use naturally occurring rocks and minerals as a starting material must undergo special processing in order to control purity, particle size, particle size distribution, and heterogeneity. These attributes play a big role in the final properties of the finished ceramic. Chemically prepared powders also are used as starting materials for some ceramic products. These synthetic materials can be controlled to produce powders with precise chemical compositions and particle size.

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